adularia A form of the feldspar that occurs in epithermal veins. anomaly Any departure from the norm which may indicate the presence of mineralization in the underlying bedrock. assay Assaying is a means of determining the amount of metal contained in a sample. breccia Breccia is coarse-grained sedimentary rock composed of broken fragments (clasts) of pre-existing rocks held together in a fine-grained matrix. Breccia is a mineralisation typical of epithermal deposits. Location: Santa Isabela Project. Controlled Source Audio Frequency Magneto-Telluric Geophysical Survey (CSAMT) A surface-based geophysical method, which provides resistivity information of the subsurface. How it works: a controlled signal is transmitted at a suite of frequencies into the ground from one location (the Transmitter Site). A measurement is gathered at the Receiving Site of electric and magnetic fields in the area of interest.  The two sites are usually located 3-6 miles apart. Primary factors affecting resistivity are rock or sediment porosity, pore fluids, and the presence of certain mineral assemblages. diamond drilling - see types of drilling + epithermal deposits - see epithermal systems + fracture A break in the rock, the opening of which allows mineral bearing solutions to enter, A Across-fracture is a minor break extending at more-or-less right angles to the direction of the principal fractures. gabbro A dark, coarse-grained igneous rock igneous rocks Rocks formed by the solidification of molten material from far below the earth's surface. induced polarization A method of ground geophysical surveying employing an electrical current to determine indications of mineralization. kimberlite A variety of peridotite; the most common host rock of diamonds. mesothermal - see mesothermal veins + outcrop An exposure of rock or mineral deposit that can be seen on surface, i.e. that is not covered by soil or water. porphyry copper-gold deposits - go to Vein Systems porphyry deposits + pyrite A yellow iron sulphide mineral, normally of little value. It is sometimes referred to as "fool's gold". resource calculation Resources are naturally occurring concentrations of minerals in the earth's crust in such concentrations and structures that extraction is potentially economically feasible. A National Instrument 43-101 resource calculation means that an independent, qualified person has visited the property, reviewed the historical data, and calculated estimates of the project's mineral resource. Mineral Resource is sub-divided in three categories according to the level of geological confidence: Measured (greatest confidence), Indicated, and Inferred. The definitions below are taken from the Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy, and Petroleum's CIM Standards on Mineral Resources and Reserves available online at www.cim.org/committees/CIMDefStds_Dec11_05.pdf a "measured mineral resources" is that part of a Mineral Resource for which quanity, grade or quality, densities, shape, physical characteristics are so well established that they can be estimated with confidence sufficient to allow the appropriate application of technical and economic parameters, to support production planning and evaluation of the economic viability of the deposit. The estimate is based on detailed and reliable exploration, sampling and testing information gathered through appropriate techniques from locations such as outcrops, trenches, pits, workings and drill holes that are spaced closely enough to confirm both geological and grade continuity. an "indicated mineral resourse" is that part of a Mineral Resource for which quantity, grade or quality, densities, shape, and physical characteristics, can be estimated with a level of confidence sufficient to allow the appropriate application of technical and economic parameters, to support mine planning and evaluation of the economic viability of the deposit. The estimate is based on detailed and reliable exploration, sampling and testing information gathered through appropriate techniques from locations such as outcrops, trenches, pits, workings and drill holes that are spaced closely enough to confirm both geological and grade continuity. an "inferred mineral resources" is that part of a Mineral Resource for which quantity, grade or qualitycan be estimated on the basis of geological evidence and limited sampling and reasonably assumed, but not verified, geological and grade continuity. The estimate is based on limited information and sampling gathered through appropriate techniques from locations such as outcrops, trenches, pits, workings and drill holes.   reverse circulation drilling - see types of drilling + stock work veining Densely distributed veining vuggy silica In an high sulphidation epithermal environment, the highly acidic waters have dissolved everything but silica, and the resulting in a highly porous and pox marker rock which is a good host for gold deposition. Vuggy silica is an indicator mineralisation typical of epithermal deposits [more on epithermal systems +] Location: the Caballo Blanco Project. The cross-section of the drill core (to the left) and the core in the box (below) are both from about the same location (around 84.5 meters) from Hole #3 of the 2005 drill program on the Caballo Blanco Project. The length of the drill hole was 314 meters, and from the top of the hole to 214 meters, a section of massive and vuggy silica was intersected. This 214 meter length averaged 700 ppb gold. Within this zone, a 108 meter section (from 66 meters to 174 meters depth) averaged 1.14 g/t. This includes a 40 meter section from 74 to 114 meters depth which averaged 2.35 g/t gold.